Installation

Installing python dependencies with Conda

USGS-MAP-gwmodels depends on a number of python packages, many of which have external C library dependencies. The easiest way to install most of these is with conda. A few packages are not available via conda, and must be installed with pip. If you are on the USGS internal network, see the Considerations for USGS Users section below first.

Download and install the 64-bit Anaconda python distribution or Miniconda

• Anaconda comes with a larger selection of popular data science and scientific packages, making it ideal for those who use python frequently for scientific computing.

• Miniconda is a minimal installer with a much smaller footprint, making it ideal for those who only want to use USGS-MAP-gwmodels.

• Make sure to install Anaconda or Miniconda to your username (not at the system level). More often than not, installing at the system level (for all users) seems to result in issues with library dependencies (for example, import of fiona or rasterio failing because gdal isn’t found). It is also good practice to periodically do a clean uninstall of Anaconda, which at the system level requires admin. privileges.

  • In the installer, at the “Destination Select” step, select “Install for me only.” It should say something about how the software will be installed to your home folder.

  • If your installer skips the “Destination Select” step, when you get to “Installation Type”, click “Change Install Location” and then “Install for me only.”

Download an environment file

• requirements.yml for a conda environment with the minimum packages required to run USGS-MAP-gwmodels, or

• gis.yml for a more full set of packages in the python geospatial stack, including Jupyter Notebooks and packages needed for testing, documentation and packaging. Note that the environment described by requirements.yml is called mapgwm, while the environment in gis.yml is called gis.

  Note

  To download the above YAML files, simply follow the links to get the raw text and then go to File > Save within your web browser, and save the text as a YAML file (with the .yaml or .yml extension).

• Alternatively, clone (using git) or download the usgs-map-gwmodels repository, which includes the two environment files at the root level.

• Note that both of these environment files contain a pip section of packages that will be installed with pip, after the conda packages are installed.

Creating a Conda environment

If you are on the USGS internal network, see the Considerations for USGS Users section below first. Open an Anaconda Command Prompt on Windows or a terminal window on OSX and point it to the location of requirements.yml or gis.yml and enter:

conda env create -f requirements.yml

Building the environment will probably take a while. If the build fails because of an SSL error, fix the problem (see Considerations for USGS Users below) and either:

1. Update the environment

   conda env update -f requirements.yml
   

2. or remove and reinstall it:

   conda env remove -n mapgwm
   conda env create -f requirements.yml
   

Keeping the Conda environment up to date

The python packages and other open source software libraries that USGS-MAP-gwmodels depends on are continually changing. USGS-MAP-gwmodels aims to mostly follow the Numpy guidelines for package support, which effectively means that the two latest minor versions of Python (e.g. 3.8 and 3.7) and their associated Numpy versions will be supported. However, occasionally backwards compatability with a particular package may be broken in a shorter timeframe, in which case the minimum required version of that package will be specified in the requirements.yml file. All of this to say that your Conda environment will eventually get out of date. The Conda documentation has instructions for updating packages within a Conda environment, but at some point (perhaps a few times a year) it is good practice to simply delete the environment and rebuild it from the .yml file. Every so often, you may also want to reinstall Anaconda after a clean uninstall.

Installing USGS-MAP-gwmodels

There are several ways to install USGS-MAP-gwmodels. Regardless of the method, the installation must be performed in a python environment with the required dependencies. In the case of the Conda environment created above, the environment must be activated, so that right version of python is called when python is entered at the command line:

conda activate mapgwm

Installing the latest develop version of USGS-MAP-gwmodels

Pip can be used to fetch USGS-MAP-gwmodels directly from GitHub:

pip install git+git://github.com/aleaf/usgs-map-gwmodels@master

Subsequent updates can then be made with

pip uninstall usgs-map-gwmodels
pip install git+git://github.com/aleaf/usgs-map-gwmodels@master

Installing the USGS-MAP-gwmodels source code in-place

Alternatively, if you intend to contribute to USGS-MAP-gwmodels (please do!) or update your install frequently, the best route is probably to clone the source code from git and install it in place.

git clone https://github.com/aleaf/usgs-map-gwmodels.git
cd usgs-map-gwmodels
pip install -e .

Note

Don’t forget the . after pip install -e!

Your local copy of the USGS-MAP-gwmodels repository can then be subsequently updated with

git pull origin master

Note

If you are making local changes to USGS-MAP-gwmodels that you want to contribute, the workflow is slightly different. See the Contributing to USGS-MAP-gwmodels page for more details.

The advantage of installing the source code in-place is that any changes you make are automatically incorporated into your python environment, without any additional install commands. When debugging in an interactive development environment (IDE) such as Pycharm or VS Code, error tracebacks and inspection features go to the actual source code, not the version installed in the site-packages folder. Additionally, since this install is done through pip, pip uninstall will work to remove the package, and the current version of the package (including the latest commit information) will be visible with conda list.

Considerations for USGS Users

Using conda or pip on the USGS network requires SSL verification, which can cause a number of issues. If you are encountering persistant issues with creating the conda environment, you may have better luck trying the install off of the USGS network (e.g. at home). See here for more information about SSL verification on the USGS network, and to download the DOI SSL certificate.

Installing the DOI SSL certificate for use with pip

1. Download the DOI SSL certificate

2. On Windows, create the file C:\Users\<your username>\AppData\Roaming\pip\pip.ini. On OSX, create /Users/<your username>/Library/Application Support/pip/pip.conf.

Include the following in this file:

[global]
cert = <path to DOI certificate file (e.g. DOIRootCA2.cer)>

Note that when you are off the USGS network, you may have to comment out the cert= line in the above pip configuration file to get pip to work.

Installing the DOI SSL certificate for use with conda

See these instructions. This may or may not work. Basically, ssl_verify: needs to be set in your condarc file to point to a valid SSL certificate, which may be different from the basic DOIRootCA2.cer file.

You can find the location of your condarc file with:

conda info -a

which displays information about how Conda is configured. Note that you may have multiple condarc files at the system, user and possibly project levels.

Common issues:

• Conda Install fails on the USGS network without a certificate, or with an incorrectly formatted certificate. Possible solutions are to either get a correctly formatted SSL certificate from your IT person, or try installing off the network.

• Conda Install fails off the USGS network with a certificate (may or may not be correctly formatted). Solution: open your condarc file and comment out the SSL certificate file, if it is specified. E.g.:

  ssl_verify: #D:\certificates\DOIRootCA2.cer
  

Troubleshooting issues with the USGS network

SSL-related error messages when using conda

(with SSL mentioned in the message and possibly bad handshake)

Make sure that the conda package installer is configured to use the USGS certificate (see Installing the DOI SSL certificate for use with conda above).

SSL-related error messages when using pip

(something similar to SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED).

Make sure that the pip package installer is configured to use the USGS certificate (see Installing the DOI SSL certificate for use with pip above).

If you are on the USGS network, using Windows, and you get this error message:

CondaHTTPError: HTTP 500 INTERNAL ERROR for url <https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/msys2/win-64/m2w64-gettext-0.19.7-2.tar.bz2> Elapsed: 00:30.647993

An HTTP error occurred when trying to retrieve this URL. HTTP errors are often intermittent, and a simple retry will get you on your way.

Adding the following line to environment.yml should work:

- msys2::m2w64-gettext

This tells conda to fetch m2w64-gettext from the msys2 channel instead. Note that this is only a dependency on Windows, so it needs to be commented out on other operating systems (normally it wouldn’t need to be listed, but the above HTTP 500 error indicates that installation from the default source location failed.)